Quiz: Rheology and Deformation
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Quiz: Rheology and Deformation#
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Instructions#
This is an open book, open notes quiz to be done independently, on your own. But it is not open Internet - on your honor, you are not permitted to “Google” for answers.
Unless otherwise indicated the multiple choice questions have only one correct answer. Once started, you have 20 minutes to finish.
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Q1. Which of the following factors that deform rocks cannot be characterized through a P-T-X phase diagram of the corresponding mineral or mineral assemblage?
Composition
Pressure
Temperature
Strain rate
Presence of melt
Q2. What are any set of equations that denote the general relationship between stress and strain in three dimensions called?
Hooke’s Law
Constitutive Relations
Elastic Constants
Shear Modulus
Q3.Which of the following statements is true about faults?
Faults are an expression of ductile deformation
Faults are only found in the deep crust where temperatures are high
Faults do not break at depths below the brittle-ductile transition
Faults are always exposed on the Earth’s surface and can be mapped
Q4. If a gravity anomaly is negative, what does that imply about the material underneath the gravity measurement?
The material underneath is less dense than the surrounding material
The material underneath is more dense than the surrounding material
The material is in a compressive tectonic environment
The material is in a tensional tectonic environment
Q5. Under which conditions would a body of rock be more likely to exhibit plastic behavior? Check all that apply.
High temperature
Low temperature
High lithostatic pressure
Low lithostatic pressure
High strain rate
Low strain rate
Q6. Formation of the Himalayas through fold and thrust belts and underthrusting is facilitated by:
Brittle deformation in the underlying mantle asthenosphere
Ductile deformation of the thick lower crust
High yield strength of the continental crust
Viscous flow in the mantle
Q7. What is always true about the creep mechanisms for ductile flow inside the Earth?
They are thermally activated so strain rate is exponentially related to temperature
They occur only along grain boundaries and not within the rock.
Diffusion creep is more widespread in the Earth than dislocation creep
Grain size strongly influences the flow mechanism of the material
Q8. Which of the following is not true about the diffusion creep mechanism in the Earth?
Linear relationship between deviatoric stress and strain rate
Material undergoing diffusion creep behaves like a Newtonian fluid
Diffusion creep is insensitive to grain size
Diffusion creep is thermally activated so strain rate is exponentially related to temperature
Q9. In the elastic limit, there are constants that describe the relationship between stress and strain in a rock. Which of the following is not one of these constants?
Bulk modulus
Shear modulus
Poisson’s ratio
Viscosity
Young’s modulus
Q10. Which of the following is not true about both the orientation of new faults inside Earth and sliding of rocks along pre-existing fractures?
The angle of sliding/fracture does not depend on the mass of the rock body
The angle of sliding/fracture is dependent only on the lithostatic pressure
The angle of sliding/fracture can be found using the Mohr-Coulomb criterion
The angle of sliding/fracture is a function of normal stress, shear stress and coefficient of friction